GPS units and navigation apps are so good, it’s easy to think compasses have become obsolete. But you made it to this page because you know that’s not true—you know that electronics can fail and batteries can die, and that having a compass and knowing how to use it could save your hide. With a compass, you can orient your map, take and follow bearings, and locate yourself. The first step: learning the parts of a compass.

• Needle Housing: This is exactly what it sounds like. The needle of the compass (the part that moves around on its own) is inside this housing, which is encircled by degree markings and cardinal directions: North, East, South, and West.
  • Magnetized Needle: This needle always points to magnetic north, and is often red or white. The magnetized needle spins in relation to the planet’s magnetic field and rotates freely when the compass is held level and still.
  • Orienting Lines: These parallel lines rotate along with the rotating dial (see below) and are marked on the bottom of the needle housing. Align these with the north-south lines on a map to align the orienting arrow to the north.
  • Orienting Arrow: Use this arrow to orient the compass. This is what you’ll set to account for declination or to mark a field bearing or map bearing (the magnetized needle fits inside the orienting arrow and keeps you on course). 
  • Declination: The difference between true, or geographic, north and magnetic north (where the magnetized needle points) is different depending on where you’re physically located on the planet. This is known as declination. In order to be able to adjust for declination you need to find the declination value of where you are. (Enter lat/long on this NOAA calculator for current values). Then, check the instructions for your particular compass to adjust for it.
  • Index Line: Located right above the dial and often marked with “read bearing here.” This is the spot you’ll take degree readings.

• Scales and Rulers: These lines and numbers are on the edges of the baseplate and look a lot like your average ruler. This is what you’ll use with your map in order to figure out distances between two points. Make sure to check the scale of your map and double check that your compass’s markings correspond. 
• Baseplate: This is the hard and flat surface that the rest of the compass is mounted on. It should be transparent so you can see through it onto the map below and have a straight edge.  
• Rotating Dial: Sometimes this is called a rotating bezel. This circle rotates around the needle housing. The markings sit in between the cardinal directions, positioned in a circle, and have 360 degree markings. 
• Direction of Travel Arrow: This arrow or small triangle is on the baseplate and you point it in the direction that you will be traveling or toward a point you’re trying to take a bearing for. 
• Magnifier: The magnifier is helpful for getting a closer look at small features and tiny details on a map. 

All articles are for general informational purposes.  Each individual’s needs, preferences, goals and abilities may vary.  Be sure to obtain all appropriate training, expert supervision and/or medical advice before engaging in strenuous or potentially hazardous activity.